Rationing Salt Water — Disaster Planning and Daily Care Delivery
John L. Hick, M.D., Dan Hanfling, M.D., Brooke Courtney, J.D., M.P.H., and Nicole Lurie, M.D., M.S.P.H.
March 19, 2014DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1401833
Over the past several years, drug shortages have continued to complicate the routine delivery of health care in the United States. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is currently tracking nearly 100 shortages resulting from a host of causes, such as the consolidation of markets and manufacturers, limited availability of raw materials, and quality problems resulting in product recalls and delivery interruptions
Examples of Drug Shortages Listed on the FDA Website.*
Atropine sulfate injection
Bupivacaine hydrochloride (Marcaine, Sensorcaine) injection
Calcium chloride injection
Calcium gluconate injection
Dobutamine hydrochloride injection
Epinephrine injection
Epinephrine (1 mg/ml, preservative-free)
Fentanyl
Heparin sodium injection
Lidocaine hydrochloride (Xylocaine) injection
Magnesium sulfate injection
Nitroglycerin in 5% dextrose injection
Sodium chloride (0.9%) injection bags
* From
http://www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/dru ... 050792.htm, accessed March 4, 2014.
References
1. 1
Examining drug shortages and recent efforts to address them. Statement of Douglas Throckmorton, M.D., deputy director for regulatory programs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, before the Subcommittee on Health, Committee on Energy and Commerce, U.S. House of Representatives, February 10, 2014 (http://energycommerce.house.gov/hearing ... rtages-and-recent-efforts-address-them).
2. 2
Lee J.
Growing IV saline shortage has providers scrambling during bad flu season. Modern Healthcare (
http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article ... ng-bad-flu).
3. 3
Government
Accountability Office. Drug shortages: public health threat continues despite efforts to help insure product availability. Washington, DC. February 10, 2014 (
http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/660785.pdf).
4. 4
Hanfling D, Altevogt BM, Viswanathan K, Gostin LO, eds. Crisis standards of care: a systems framework for catastrophic disaster response. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2012 (
http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2012/Crisis- ... ponse.aspx).
5. 5
Coping with and mitigating the effects of
shortages of emergency medications. Arlington, VA: Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, December 2012 (
http://www.ems.gov/pdf/2013/ASTHO_Short ... y_Meds.pdf).
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公然說謊,做偽證,二代健保規定,新科技經健保審查不給付,其費用還是不得向保險對象收取
第 54 條
保險醫事服務機構對保險對象之醫療服務,經保險人審查認定不符合本法
規定者,其費用不得向保險對象收取。
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為避免葉大人信口開河 貽笑國際
請全聯會要求衛福部
依葉大人說法將第 54 條改為
保險醫事服務機構對保險對象之醫療服務,經保險人審查認定不符合本法
規定者,其費用得向保險對象收取。