科: 無患子科(Sapindaceae)
屬: 七葉樹屬(Aesculus)
七葉樹屬包括20-25種生長在北半球溫帶地區的落葉樹或灌木。其中有7-10種是原生於北美洲的,有13-15種是原生於歐亞大陸的。七葉樹屬原來是單獨的一個科,後來根據基因判斷,和槭樹科一起合併到無患子科內,但有的學者認為它們都是獨立起源的,應該分成單獨的科。
在美洲,七葉樹一般被稱為「鹿瞳」,因為其果實是棕黃色,類似鹿眼睛的顏色,在歐洲被稱為「馬栗」,其中「馬」的意思並不是供馬吃的,而是「強有力」的意思,指其堅硬難以食用。中國稱為「天師栗」或「猴板栗」。
七葉樹屬的植物都是喬木,高達4-35米,樹根含樹脂;葉子分為七瓣掌狀,最大可達65厘米寬;花為4-5瓣,花期長達80-110天;果實直徑為2-5厘米,堅果類似栗子,但果殼中只有一個或兩個種子,有的種類果殼有軟刺,有的沒有,成熟時果殼裂成三瓣,放出種子。
有許多種七葉樹因為其花色美麗,是作為觀賞植物栽培的。
七葉樹一般沒有病蟲害,但也能感染一些真菌或被某些昆蟲作為食物,可是不會造成重大的災害。
七葉樹的果實含有大量的皂角苷,叫做七葉樹素,是破壞紅血球的有毒物質,但有的動物例如鹿和松鼠可以抵禦這種毒素食用七葉樹的果實。有人用它們的果實磨粉毒魚。 加州七葉樹由於其花蜜中也含有毒素可以造成某些種類的蜜蜂中毒,但當地土生的蜜蜂可以抵禦這種毒素。這種毒素不耐高溫,經蒸煮後種子中的澱粉可以被食用。中國七葉樹的種子是一種中藥,名為娑羅子,所以有時中國七葉樹也被稱為娑羅樹。天師栗的種子也可以作為娑羅子入藥。
Aesculus hippocastanum ---- Horse-chestnut or Conker tree
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ka%C5%A1tan_1.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Ka%C5%A1tan_1.jpg)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aescu ... _flori.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Aesculus_hippocastanum_flori.jpg/431px-Aesculus_hippocastanum_flori.jpg)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aescu ... anum-1.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Aesculus_hippocastanum-1.jpg/799px-Aesculus_hippocastanum-1.jpg)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aescu ... _fruit.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Aesculus_hippocastanum_fruit.jpg/800px-Aesculus_hippocastanum_fruit.jpg)
トチノキ(栃、橡、栃の木、学名:Aesculus turbinata)----Tochinoki
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88% ... E%E3%82%AD
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... inata5.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Aesculus_turbinata5.jpg/445px-Aesculus_turbinata5.jpg)
Tochinomi-marron---栃の実
蒸熟後可以像栗子食用
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... inata1.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Aesculus_turbinata1.jpg/800px-Aesculus_turbinata1.jpg)
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95% ... marron.JPG
例如---栃餅
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95% ... marron.JPG
七葉樹屬圖檔
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aesculus
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aesculus
Aesculus californica (California Buckeye or California Horse-chestnut)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesculus_californica
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aescu ... ornica.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Aesculus_californica.jpg)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Californicaspike.JPG
Aesculus × carnea----red horse chestnut
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesculus_%C3%97_carnea
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aescu ... e_6685.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Aesculus_carnea_BotGartenMuenster_PurpurKastanie_6685.jpg/800px-Aesculus_carnea_BotGartenMuenster_PurpurKastanie_6685.jpg)
Aesculus × carnea is a hybrid between the Red Buckeye (A. pavia) and the Common Horse-chestnut (A. hippocastanum). The origin of the tree is not known, but it is probably a chance garden hybrid, appearing in Germany before 1820.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Categ ... %97_carnea
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... loemen.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Aesculus_carnea_bloemen.jpg/800px-Aesculus_carnea_bloemen.jpg)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... nhoofd.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Aesculus_carnea_bloemenhoofd.jpg/450px-Aesculus_carnea_bloemenhoofd.jpg)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... etsk_2.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Aesculus_carnea_in_Donetsk_2.jpg/800px-Aesculus_carnea_in_Donetsk_2.jpg)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... carnea.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aesculus_x_carnea.jpg/800px-Aesculus_x_carnea.jpg)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... riotii.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Aesculus_carnea_Briotii.jpg/450px-Aesculus_carnea_Briotii.jpg)
Aesculus Octandra, syn. A. octandra---Yellow Buckeye
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesculus_flava
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aescu ... flower.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/Aesculus_octandra_flower.jpg/800px-Aesculus_octandra_flower.jpg)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yellowbuckeye017.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Yellowbuckeye017.jpg/800px-Yellowbuckeye017.jpg)
Aesculus glabra ---Ohio buckeye, American buckeye or fetid buckeye
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesculus_glabra
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aesculus_glabra
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... ra_006.JPG
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... ra_005.JPG
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... _USDA2.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Aesculus_glabra_USDA2.jpg/800px-Aesculus_glabra_USDA2.jpg)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... ra_009.JPG
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... ra_010.JPG
Aesculus parviflora (Bottlebrush Buckeye; syn. Aesculus macrostachya Michx., Pavia macrostachya (Michx.) Loisel.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesculus_parviflora
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aesculus_parviflora
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... iflora.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Aesculus-parviflora.jpg/450px-Aesculus-parviflora.jpg)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... ora_07.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Aesculus_parviflora_07.jpg/800px-Aesculus_parviflora_07.jpg)
Aesculus pavia, known as Red Buckeye or Firecracker Plant
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesculus_pavia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_B ... 2000px.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Red_Buckeye_Aesculus_pavia_Flowers_2000px.jpg/444px-Red_Buckeye_Aesculus_pavia_Flowers_2000px.jpg)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Redbuckeye.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/43/Redbuckeye.jpg)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aesculus_pavia
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... 58344).jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Aesculus_pavia_L._%28Dwarf_Red_Buckeye%29_Hippocastanaceae_%281657458344%29.jpg/400px-Aesculus_pavia_L._%28Dwarf_Red_Buckeye%29_Hippocastanaceae_%281657458344%29.jpg)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: ... pavia8.jpg
![圖檔](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Aesculus_pavia8.jpg)